i thought the 142f was a standard pushrod, single cam lobe type engine? all of mine have been such...means you cant modify the cam profile unless you really know what you are doing. maybe change the angle of the followers, maybe change the ratio of the rockers, but any changes to the cam will affect both intake and exhaust timings. cant change much at all on the 142f.
no, there are not any readily available carbs to stick on them either. i once made an adaptor to take a slide carb from a pitbike engine, and the results were much the same as standard. mediocre (i was having issues with the original carb, it simply wouldnt run...made the carb mod, it still wouldnt run properly. left it outside for a year or more, got a new stock carb, and it behaved itself after that... very strange, but thats beside the point...)
in the words of KCvale, the best carb IS THE STOCK CARB.
all you can do to them is some minor porting, clean up the airflow through the square, highly turbulent ports, and modify the exhaust.
its definitely best to leave the 142f alone and take it for what it is.
you want a modifiable (4stroke) engine, you use a b&s 6hp sidevalve engine with aftermarket kart racing parts...