I had to figure this mess out myself, and unfortunately there is no single correct answer, but for the majority of frames a 44 tooth sprocket with a 203mm disc will not work with one exception. A frame that has the disc brake mounts between the two rear dropout tubes (inside the V ahead of the axle. This is because on most frames the caliper is mounted above the axle outside of the upper dropout tube, and what causes the interference is the chain hitting the caliper. With the sprocket on the inside of the tubes, there is no chain on the sprocket in that location and it buys enough room that it can work.
I was able to figure out a 40 tooth sprocket with a 203mm disc on my bike with some clever spacing, and the chain gap to the caliper can be measured with a feeler gauge.
Example of what I am talking about.
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