Your chain appears to have some damage from the picture you posted. Chains usually end up being troublesome once they are damaged.
Some people have run #41 to compensate for imperfect sprocket alignment. I've been guilty of this in the past, too. What I have noticed tho, is that using #41 on a sprocket meant for #410 increases the risk of chain (and sprocket) damage. There's just too much wiggle room for the chain, and that leads to damage. I feel that #41 chain is too wide (and too heavy) for use on sprockets that are meant for single-speed bicycle chain. It may work fine for a while, but in situations like hitting bumps while leaning mid-turn, that's when all that extra play works against you. A damaged chain is never the same again.
I wouldn't go wider than #415. If that still proves troublesome, one needs to address imperfections in the alignment between sprockets.