All the different types of hub adapters are CNC machined: Top hat, Pineapple, or Clamshell... so I'll just presume you mean the clamshell adapters.
Improperly installed or just poor quality clamshell adapters can slip around the hub until the three sprocket bolts are pressing against the side of three of your spokes. This is even worse for your spokes than the rag joint, because the load is only being shared between three spokes.
The clamshell adapter needs to be a very good fit for your hub.
This means obtaining the correct size and possibly some custom fitting too. You might have a waisted hub shell shape, or it could have a stepped shape, or it could be a straight cylinder. The last one being the easiest to fit the adapter to.
Even then, you will need to get the clamshell with the better design that clamps on tightly using a couple of bolts, not the crappy one that relies on a pipe clip.
Even then, your smooth round hub and smooth round clamp is not a good shape to transfer torque.
It might be necessary to make a couple of holes in your hub shell and a couple of tapped holes in the adapter so you can put some short bolts in that will prevent the clamshell adapter from slipping around the hub.
I would much rather (and did) use a top hat adapter, but that bolts to a disc brake rotor mount which you might not have on your hub.