I f you try to go belt without a jack shaft or reduction box, your gear ratio is going to be wayyy outta wack unless you use a rear pully about the size of the rear tire and/or a front pulley so small `(2'') that it will slip no matter how tightly adjusted..
These are facts not assumptions.
Heres a solution :
Theres other solutions . this is just my solution
leave your drivesprocket where it is.
remove your reat sprocket
get a 5 inch pulley (steel, aluminum is pretty but it will fail)
get one witha center hub or you will be buiyong one and welding it on
get a 10 '' axle to fit the pulley and 2 bolt down steady bearings ,
get a 10 inch pulley and mount to rear wheel the way you did the sprocket but you will have to make the the mounting hardware
or make a tight fitting disk that sits just inside the rim and both that to rings on other side of spokes . make the rings . this puts all the pressure on the spoke tighteners instad of just the spokes
mount your axle bearings to a rack use spacers to align your sprocket 'pulley combo up . install belt and chain and have fun.
drill and moumt your pulley and sprocket together using a 1/4 '' spacer between .
make the spacer smaller than the sprocket so to aloww for chain clearance.
the concavity of your sprocket wikk determine how wide a spacer you need. aslong as you end up with approx 1'4 inch when they are mounted