Now that reed intake valving has come into fashion, there will be a lot of “sixth
and seventh” porting done to various engines. There are two different approaches to
adding extra rear-cylinder ports in reed-valve engines: That chosen by Yamaha is simply
to carve a slot leading up from the intake port to link the port cavity with the cylinder
when the piston is down at the bottom of its stroke. This “sixth” port is not fed from the
crankcase; mixture moves up through it and into the cylinder due to the ramming action
of gas inertia in the intake manifold, and also because of the partial vacuum formed in the
cylinder by exhaust system dynamics. Yamaha places the top of this extra transfer ports
on a level with the four already found in their five-port engines, and the roof of the port is
angled upward very sharply - about 70-degrees, in fact. Apparently, such “tuning” as is
done with this kind of port is mostly a matter of varying its width, but not enough
experimental work has been done with it to provide us with any guidelines. The other
approach to this particular kind of transfer port is to cut windows in the rear of the piston
to permit part of the charge compressed in the crankcase to blow up into the intake port,
from where it is then able to escape through the boost port and into the cylinder. From
early reports, the effect of this modification is to improve very substantially an engine's
power range at some expense to peak power. This is, of course, precisely the effect to be
desired in a large-displacement scrambler or motocross engine, but hardly what one
would be looking for from a road racing engine. My own experience with reed valves is
still too limited to permit me any firm conclusions, and the potential benefits of the
porting they make possible, but I am inclined at present to believe that they fall
something short of being the answer to the two-stroke tuner's prayers. Indeed, it may be
that their principal contribution is to keep carburetion clean over a wider speed range than
is possible with piston-controlled intake porting. I very much doubt that reed valving
will ever equal the ordinary piston-controlled induction in terms of maximum horsepower
- though I recognize that reeds have their uses in engines intended for general, all purpose motorcycles.