Dirt Nerd,
I'd be interested to see pics of the inside of your hub( as it was ) if you have any? I curious of what you had in there for spacing? I'm really wondering what happened here? There could have been not enough space between the porkchop (plate) and the hub itself. I wonder if the porkchop somehow caught the hub or even a spoke? Spacing is very tight in this area, I improvised my set up because my brake was incomplete when I got it, but I put a couple of washers inside to hold that porkchop off the hub. Is there any damage to the spokes? Did that axle nut come loose at all, fall off or did you remove it?
My brake is untested and I'm hoping to avoid a similar occurrence and maybe help you from this happening again. I can't really see the clip in your pic, but was curious if you put on some type of flimsy clip? Original clips that hold that brake arm are very heavy duty. I wonder if a combination of too tight or loose porkchop and a flimsy clip caused this to happen?
Chris