I've been looking at getting a V brake for the front that bolts up to the fender mount for my beach cruiser. This way I can keep my front wheel & fork as factory stock as possbible without having to change the wheel or front fork which can be very expencive & sometimes ruin the look of a bike. The V brake kit I found runs for about $30 on Amazon which is far cheaper than going disk. It's originally for a springer fork used on cruisers & lowriders but I think it would fit for my triple tree fork just fine. I hear they can work just as well as disk brakes if they have good pads & are adjusted properly. I went to my local bike shop & they charge more than $100 to build a wheel around a disk brake hub & a disk brake hub for a decent one can be anywhere between $25 to $100. My friends Giant 700c hybrid bike uses V brakes & it stops just as well as my mountain bike that has disk brakes.
In my opinion
It's difficult to draw parallels between the two systems. Its comparing apples to oranges and there are good and bad apples just as there are good and bad oranges.
The performance of any brake is limited by the friction between the tyre and the ground. And how well you set it up and kept it maintained.
Three things that are certain are that:
Disc brakes don't lose performance in wet/muddy conditions.
Disc brakes don't require the rim to be straight/undamaged.
Disc brakes don't wear out the rim.
Magura HS33 hydraulic rim brakes are approx £70 (for a pair, f+r, so you can swap lever sides if necessary), used.
An NRS fork to get one V brake mount is approx £12, used or new.
Shimano Deore hydraulic disc brake is approx £16-20 (each), used.. plus £7-£10 for a used 203mm rotor and a few £ more for a 203 adapter..
A good disc compatible 26" QR front wheel if you don't have one could be another £50-60, used.
Then you can spend anything on a fork, like £50-£1000 depending what you want, but you can resell the fork you currently have so it's not that much to exchange like-for-like.