Damien, nice expanded drawings of the internals of the clutch. I'm saving those. Thanks.
What I'm seeing is you have the rod that the flower nut attaches to out. That shouldn't come out without removing and disassembling the internal clutch mechanism. There is a small pin that holds it together. The hole in the rod that holds the flower nut looks worn out. I say you need a new internal clutch set up. You don't have to split the case to change it.
Here is a picture of a spare. You can see the small threaded end that the flower nut screws to. This shouldn't just come out come out.
Also don't forget the ball bearing.