These are all possible issues to brainstorm, but personally I do not see any need for improvement. If you don't have your axle nuts tight, you're asking for trouble no matter what. And, if you really feel the wheel will "jerk" forward simply make a strap with a hole for the axle and bend a ninety in it to hook around the rear of the dropout plate. You might cut/grind a flat on the back side of the plate for this.
Regarding the forces acting on the dropout plate. The chain trys to pull the wheel out of the dropout........nothing structural. The weight of the bike is acting in a vertical plane through the axle. The major stress point will be the finger on the dropout that extends up inside the horizontal tube. It is trying to push itself up through the top of the tube. If there was going to be a stress fracture it would start on the upper weld joining the dropout to the horizontal bar, but the finger inside the tube will prevent this. ( the unknown is "how long is the finger") The horizontal bar absorbs the majority of the force seeing as the upper tube goes up at more than forty five degrees. There are mathamatical equations for all of this that none of us will go into, so the bottom line is this. Weld a gusset in the location shown above and sleep tight knowing you have made it all stronger.
This P-3 Ferrari is just one of many tubeular frame cars we built before I retired, so I have a little experience with this.