This looks like it might actually work! The hole in the sprocket is the right size, or close enough, anyway. I have a 44T that's too big, and it's dished so that the teeth are offset, that won't work, and a 36T that's too small, so I'm thinking that a 40T would work best. But even if I can't use the caliper, and have to use a rim brake, it's still a solution to how to mount the sprocket on a rim with a brake disc. Maybe I should make another thread and follow it's progress. This, imo, is better than the sprocket and rubber thingies on the spokes, or even the adapter that mounts onto the hub. First, I think I'll get a 40T sprocket, drill the new holes in it, and polish it up on my belt sander. The sprocket is thicker than the brake disc, but will still fit into the caliper, with some adjustment of the pad spacing, it should be fine.
UPDATE: OHHH, LOOK WHAT I FOUND!
http://www.bikeberry.com/engine-kit-parts/drivetrain/40-tooth-rear-disc-brake-sprocket.html