There are two types of Lock Washers
Split (spring) lock washers
Toothed (internal or external) lock washers.
Toothed lock washers Bite the bolt head and the surface and are used without a flat washer
Toothed lock washers keep their bite in high heat applications
Split Lock washers exert a spring tension that keeps the fastener from vibrating loose. It's not the bite.
Since it's not the bite and it's the spring tension, a flat washer is used to distribute the clamping force of the bolt across the surface
Not so much as to prevent the surface from being gouged, all though using a flat washer prevents the surface from being gouged
Split lock washers loose their spring strength if used in high heat applications
However there has always been a great debate on this subject, To use a flat washer with a split lock washer or not
Because they work with or without a flat washer.